What is Municipal Law?

Our Municipal Attorneys Serve Customers in Berks, Lehigh, Northampton, Bucks, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Lebanon, Dauphin, Schuylkill, York, Carbon, Luzerne, Monroe, Columbia and Northumberland Counties

The laws, ordinances, and regulations that cities, townships, towns, and municipalities create fall under Municipal Law. These laws are created and enforced by city or town councils or boards that consist of local residents elected by the municipality's citizens. Municipal laws can significantly between municipalities.


The Pennsylvania Sunshine Act "requires agencies to deliberate and take official action on agency business in an open and public meeting. It requires that meetings have prior notice and that the public can attend, participate, and comment before an agency takes that official action." This means that as a resident, you have the right to attend and comment at municipal meetings. 

Common Municipal and Zoning Law Terms

1. Bylaws are a set of rules on activities, such as meetings, record taking, etc., that municipal boards use to conduct business. 


2. Ordinance is a law created by a municipality.


3. Zoning Ordinance regulates how properties within the municipality may be used, such as residential or commercial. Those uses may be permitted by right, and others may be allowed by conditional use or special exception.


4. Zoning Hearing Board is a board that deals with zoning matters. Its actions are based on the municipality’s zoning ordinances.


5. Building Permit is an official approval to take certain actions like the construction of a new building or the remodeling of an existing building. The purpose of a building permit is to ensure that all applicable regulations are followed.


6. An Easement "gives a person, company, or government the right to use someone else's real estate for a specific purpose. It doesn't grant them an ownership interest." 


7. Setback is the required distance between a building or structure from a property line or right-of-way. 


8. Permitted Use states how a property may be used based on the applicable zoning ordinance. It does not require special exception or conditional use approval.


9. Special Exception grants permission to use a property under specified conditions.


10. Conditional Use is similar to a special exception, but instead of being decided by the zoning hearing board, it is decided by the municipality's governing body. 


11. Variance allows a property owner to use a property that deviates from a particular regulation set by the applicable zoning ordinance. 

At Bingaman Hess, we help our clients – local governing bodies, individuals, and businesses - navigate complex laws and processes, make good decisions, and protect their rights. We offer a full range of legal services to municipal authorities, including:

  • Board Governance
  • Policy formulation and review
  • Insurance Protection
  • Regulatory Affairs
  • Legal Investigations
  • Legal Defense
  • Land Use and Zoning
  • Municipal Tort Claims
  • Contract and Agreement Drafting and Negotiations
  • Bidding Procedures
  • Financing
  • Budget Approvals


Our experience with municipal authorities also helps our municipal law attorneys represent individuals and businesses more effectively. At Bingaman Hess, we offer a full range of legal services to individuals and businesses, including:

  • Condemnation/Eminent Domain
  • Right of Way
  • Residential and commercial real estate tax assessment appeals
  • Real estate development
  • Subdivision and land development
  • Sunshine and Right-to-Know Laws
  • Zoning and code violations and appeals


Call our Municipal Attorneys

Call one of the experienced municipal attorneys at Bingaman Hess today at 610.374.8377 or find us online.

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News & Information

By Mahlon Boyer May 30, 2026
Business succession planning is an important process that helps business owners prepare for the upcoming transfer of ownership and leadership. Whether the transition involves passing the company to family members, selling to business partners or transferring ownership to outside buyers, having a clear succession plan helps reduce uncertainty and protect the long-term security of the business. A careful plan can also minimize disputes, preserve business value and ensure continuity in periods of change. Planning for Business Transfer The first step in business succession planning is identifying how the business will be transferred and who will assume control. Business owners should evaluate their long-term goals, retirement plans, and the financial needs of both the company and their family members. Some owners choose to pass the business on to children or relatives who are already involved in operations. Others may transfer ownership to key employees, business partners or third party buyers. Each option has different legal, operational and financial consequences. A successful transition often takes years of preparation. Potential successors may need leadership training, operational experience and gradual increases in responsibility to ensure they are ready to effectively manage the business. Good communication with family members, partners and stakeholders is also important to avoid misinterpretations and conflict. Business owners should work with legal and financial professionals to create formal succession documents, update corporate records, and establish a realistic timeline for the transfer process. Use of Buy-Sell Agreements Buy-sell agreements are an essential part of many succession plans. These legally binding agreements specify what happens to the interest of a business owner if certain events occur, such as retirement, disability, death or voluntary departure from the company. A buy-sell agreement typically defines who may buy the shares of the departing owner, how the business interest will be valued and the terms of payment. This structure helps maintain stability and prevents ownership disputes that could disrupt operations. For businesses with multiple owners, buy-sell agreements provide understanding and protections for all parties involved. They can prevent unwanted external ownership and ensure that remaining owners retain control of the company. Funding mechanisms are also important. Many businesses use life insurance policies to fund buyouts in the event of an owner's death. This allows surviving owners or family members to complete the transfer without putting financial hardship on the business. Tax Considerations Tax planning is an important part of business succession planning. If the transfer of ownership is not well planned, the business owner and successor will face a substantial tax liability. Depending on how the transfer takes place, the owners may face capital gains, estate, or gift taxes. With good planning, these tax burdens can be reduced with trusts, step-by-step ownership transfers, family partnerships, or changing the type of business entity. Another important factor is valuation. A proper valuation of a business is important for determining tax liability and ensuring that everyone involved in the transfer is treated fairly. Business owners should regularly review their succession plans with accountants, tax advisors, and attorneys, as tax laws are often changing. Regular updates keep the plan in line with changing legislation and the business’s needs. Let Us Help You Navigate the Essentials of Business Succession Planning Don’t wait! Talk to one of the experienced estate planning attorneys at Bingaman Hess today at 610.374.8377 or contact us online. This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. No one may rely on this information without consulting an attorney. Anyone who attempts to use this information without attorney consultation does so at their own risk. Bingaman Hess is not and shall never be responsible for anyone who uses this information. It is not legal advice.
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